How To Write A Resume

How to Structure Your Resume No two resumes will look exactly alike (nor should they!), but generally, resumes should have the following sections. Header & Contact Info: At the top of your resume, always include a header containing your name. A well-written resume (or CV) will hugely impact your job hunt. Our comprehensive writing guide will help you make a resume that turns heads and lands you interviews. Our expert's A to Z walkthrough covers every detail of the writing process – with this guide, you won't miss a step.

For most job-seekers, a good resume is what stands between a dream job and Choice D. Get your resume right, and you'll be getting replies from every other company you apply to.

If your resume game is weak, though, you'll end up sitting around for weeks, maybe even months, before you even get a single response.

So you're probably wondering how you can write a resume that leads to HR managers inviting you to interviews daily.

Well, you've come to the right place!

In this guide, we're going to teach you everything you need to know about how to make a resume:

How to Write a Resume - Step by step

1. Pick the Right Resume Format & Layout
2. Mention Your Personal Details & Contact Information
3. Use a Resume Summary or Objective
4. List Your Work Experience & Achievements
5. Mention Your Top Soft & Hard Skills
6. (Optional) Include Additional Resume Sections - Languages, Hobbies, etc.
7. Tailor Your Information For the Job Ad
8. Craft a Convincing Cover Letter
9. Proofread Your Resume and Cover Letter

So, let's dive right in!

How to Make a Resume (The Right Way!)

Before you even start working on your resume, you need to decide how you're going to build it.

And no - you shouldn't use a basic text editor. While this IS the most popular method for creating a resume, it's very far from the best.

With a basic text editor resume, you'll need to spend hours playing with the formatting. You make a minor change and BAM! Your entire resume layout gets messed up.

Instead of using a text editor, we recommend choosing a resume builder, such as Novorésumé. Our resume builder is fast, easy, and to put the icing on the cake, a Novorésumé looks much better and can fit more information than your average, cookie-cutter resume..

To get the most out of this guide, you can head over to the resume builder and start building your resume on-the-go as you read this guide.

How to Pick the Right Resume Format?

There are three types of resume formats: reverse chronological, functional or skills-based, and a combination of the two. The choice depends on the type of job you are applying for and your level of experience.

The 3 resume formats are:

1) Reverse chronological resume format - This is the most popular resume format and is ideal for people with plenty of work experience that is relevant to the position they're interested in.

2) Functional/skills-based resume format – If you lack relevant work experience because you are a student/recent graduate, or you are looking to make a career change, the skills-based format is a better choice.

3) Combination resume format – The combination resume is a great choice for job-seekers with a very diverse skill-set. It's useful if you're applying for a role that requires expertise in 3-4 different fields, and you want to show all that in your resume. Say, for example, you're applying for a senior management role, and the requirements are expertise in Management, Sales, and Software Development.

So, which one do you go for?

In 90%+ cases, you'd want to stick to the reverse-chronological resume format. This is the most common one, and most HR managers are used to this. Hence, in this guide, we're going to focus on this specific format.

If you're a recent graduate, or possess a diverse set of skills & work experience, you might want to pick one of the other 2 formats. Check out our guide to resume formats to learn how to write either.

What is the Best Resume Layout?

The first thing a job recruiter notices about any resume is the layout.

Does it look organized or cluttered? Is it too short or too long? Is it boring and easy to ignore, or does it scream out 'Read me!'?

Here are some of the best practices when it comes to your resume layout:

Resume Layout Must-Haves

1. One page in length. You should only go for 2 pages if you really, really believe that it'll add significant value. HR managers in big firms get around 1,000+ resumes per month. They're not going to spend their valuable time reading your life story!

2. Clear section headings. Pick a heading (H2, for example) and use it for all the section headers.

3. Ample white-space, especially around the margins.

4. Easy-to-read font. We'd recommend sticking to what stands out, but not too much. Do: Ubuntu, Roboto, Overpass, etc. Don't (ever): Comic Sans

5. Pick the right font size. As a rule of thumb, go for 11 - 12 pt for normal text, and 14 - 16 pt for section titles.

6. As a rule of thumb, save your resume as PDF. Word is a popular alternative, but it has a good chance of messing up your resume formatting.

One more thing you need to consider in terms of resume layout is whether you're going for a traditional-looking free resume template or something a bit more modern:

If you're pursuing a career in a more traditional industry - legal, banking, finance, etc. - you might want to stick to the first.

If you're applying to a tech company, though, where imagination and innovation are valued, you can go for something more creative.

Resume Content - What to Mention on Your Resume

Now that we've got the basics out of the way, let's dive into the essentials of how to write a resume.

The most popular sections for a resume are:

• Contact Information
• Professional Resume Summary or Objective
• Work Experience (and Achievements)
• Education
• Skills
• Optional Sections - Languages, Publications, Hobbies, etc.

Below, we'll explore each resume section from top to bottom. We'll explain what to write and how to write it so that you stand out and get the job you deserve.

Contact Information

The most critical section in your resume is the 'contact information.' Even if you get everything else right, you're not going to go far if the HR manager can't get in touch with you because you misspelled your email.

Make sure to double-check, and even triple-check your contact information section and make sure everything is correct and up-to-date.

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Contact Information to be Included in a Resume

Must-have Information

• First Name / Last Name.
• Phone Number.
• Email Address.
• Location - are you located in the area, or will the company have to sponsor relocation?

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Optional Information

• Title - Your professional title. It can be your position, word-for-word, or your desired job. Think 'Digital Marketing Specialist' or 'Junior Data Scientist.'
• LinkedIn URL - If you have an up-to-date profile that can add value to your application, make sure to include the link.
• Social Media - Do you have a published portfolio online? For developers, this would be your GitHub, for a designer Behance or Dribble and for a writer, it could be your personal blog.
• Website / Blog - Do you have an online presence? Maybe a blog that positions you as an expert in your field? If you do, make sure to mention it!

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What NOT to Include in the Contact Info Section

• Date of Birth(unless specifically required in the job ad) - The HR manager doesn't need to know how old you are. It's not important for their decision-making, and at worst, it might lead to discrimination based on age.
• Unprofessional Email Address - Do: name.lastname@gmail.com Don't: player69@gmail.com
• Headshot - The HR manager doesn't need to know what you look like in order to evaluate your application, so there's no real need to include it.

All clear? Good! Now, let's examine what a successful example of the contact section looks like:

Resume Summary or Objective

It's not a secret for anyone that first impressions matter, whether they're in your personal life, or your career.

If you leave a bad first impression, chances are, it's there to stay. After all, it's very hard to change someone's opinion of you.

The same applies to your job search - the HR manager spends around 6 seconds scanning each resume. Yep, your carefully-worded, hand-crafted resume only gets 6 seconds of attention. Unless, of course, you manage to leave an amazing first impression.

The way you accomplish this is through either a good resume summary or objective. Both are placed at the top of your resume, right around the contact information section:

So, here's what you need to know about the two:

What's a Resume Summary & When to Use it

A resume summary is a 2-3 sentence summary of your career. You should use a resume summary in basically any situation, unless you're a recent university graduate or switching careers (in that case, you use a resume objective. More on that later!).

In your resume summary, you need to mention:

1. Your job and years of experience. E.g.: Customer support representative with 5+ years of experience in the IT industry.
2. 1 or 2 top achievements (or core responsibilities). E.g.: Specialized in technical support, customer care, and user retention.
3. Desired goal (generally, passion for working at a specific company). E.g.: Looking for new opportunities as a support lead for a SaaS company.

What's a Resume Objective & When to Use it

A resume objective is, in a nutshell, the goal of your resume. It communicates your motivation for getting into a new field. As with a resume summary, a resume objective should be around 2-3 sentences.

As we've mentioned before, a resume objective is the go-to for anyone that either has no work experience or is going through a career change.

Formula to Create Your Resume Objective:

(1) [SKILL/EDUCATION/CERTIFICATION RELEVANT TO THE JOB WITH JOB TITLE].

Looking to apply my (2) [years/months of EXPERIENCE RELEVANT TO THE JOB DESCRIPTION] at [COMPANY YOU ARE APPLYING TO]

to help (3) [TYPE OF RESPONSIBILITIES YOU WILL HELP OUT WITH SUCCESSFULLY].

Examples of Resume Objectives

1) So, here's how that would look like if you're a student:

• 'Hard-working recent graduate with a B.A. in Graphic Design from New York State University seeking new opportunities. 3+ years of practical experience working with Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop, creating illustrations & designing UX / UI. Looking to grow as a designer, as well as perfect my art, at the XYZ Design Studio.'

2) Or, on the other hand, if you're going through a career change:

• 'IT project manager with 5+ years of experience in software development. Managed a team of developers to create products for several industries, such as FinTech and HR tech. Looking to leverage my experience in managing outsourced products as a Product Owner at XYZ.'

Work Experience

The most important part of your resume is your work experience.

This is where you really sell yourself, displaying your past accomplishments and responsibilities.

If you manage to master this section alone, you'll know 80%+ of all there is to know about how to make a resume.

There are a lot of best practices for writing your work experience. Before we dive into all the nits and grits, though, let's start with the basics..

How to List Work Experience in a Resume

The standard format for your work experience is as follows:

• Job Title/Position - Your job title goes on top of each work experience entry. When the HR manager scans your resume, you want them to know, at a glance, that you have relevant work experience for the job.
• Company Name / Location / Description - Then, you mention the name of the relevant employer, as well as the location of the office you work/have worked in. In some cases, you may also want to briefly describe the company, if the organization is not a famous household name.
• Achievements and Responsibilities - This is the core of each work experience entry. Depending on your field, you want to list either your achievements or responsibilities. We'll get more into the how's and why�����s of this in a bit.
• Dates Employed - The timeframe of your employment in each company. Not sure about the exact dates you worked somewhere? Don't worry - you don't have to be accurate by the day, as long as it's close. The standard format expected by recruiters and employers is mm/yyyy (this is especially important when your job application will be parsed by an Applicant Tracking System).

Here's a real-life example:

As you can see, the work experience listings should be mentioned in reverse-chronological order - starting with the most recent job, going all the way back into the past.

Now that you know how to list your experience, we're going to talk about how to write about your experience in such a way that you stand out from the competition.

Are you a student with no work experience? We've got you covered. Check out our guide to writing an internship resume here.

List Achievements When Possible

One of the most common resume mistakes is listing only responsibilities in your work experience section.

Here's the thing - in most cases, the hiring manager knows what, exactly, your responsibilities were. Let's say you're a sales manager, for example. Your responsibilities would be:

• Reach out to potential clients over the phone or email.
• Maintain relationships with existing company clients and upsell relevant products.
• Tracking and reporting on leads in CRM.

Coincidently, this is exactly the same list of responsibilities for every sales manager. 90% of all other resumes probably mention just about the same thing.

So, to stand out, you want to focus on mentioning achievements in your resume instead. Or in simple terms, how exactly you helped the company grow, reach quarterly quotas, and so on.

Correct Examples

• Exceeded sales team KPIs by 30%+ for 3 months straight.
• Generated over $24,000 in sales in 1 month.

Incorrect Examples

• Generated leads through cold-calling
• Managed existing company clients

Keep in mind, though, that in some fields, there aren't that many achievements you can mention. Let's say you work in a warehouse. Your day-to-day responsibilities probably involve:

• Loading, unloading and setting up equipment on a daily basis.
• Package finished product and get it ready for shipping.
• Assist in opening and closing the warehouse.

In such fields, it's pretty hard to distinguish yourself, so it's totally OK to stick to responsibilities instead.

Tailor Your Resume to the Job

Did you know that over 70% of resumes submitted to job-boards are never read?

Yep, Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) keep your resume from being read by HR. An ATS (for resume) is software that helps companies filter through hundreds of resumes they receive per day.

So you're probably wondering, 'What gives?! What's the point of perfecting your resume, if a robot can just say 'No' and single-handedly destroy all the effort you put in?'

Well, don't worry - getting past the Application Tracking System is not hard, as long as you know how to do it.

The key here is to tailor your resume to each job you apply. To do this, you need to mention the right keywords from the job ad in your resume.

So, let's cover a simple example on how to do this. Let's say that after reading the following job ad for the position of a digital marketer, you discover that the most critical requirements for the job are:

• 5+ years of experience in online marketing
• Social media marketing experience, with good knowledge of Facebook advertising
• B.A. in Marketing or Business Administration
• Experience managing 20,000 USD monthly advertising budget on Facebook

Now, to tailor your resume to these requirements, simply mention each in your resume, considering you have the relevant achievements and qualifications!

How much work experience do you include in your resume?

If you've got over a decade's worth of work experience, you're probably confused about how much of it you mention in your resume. After all, If you had to list everything you've ever done, you'd end up writing a mini-novella.

Or, on the other hand, if you're a newcomer to the job market, you probably don't have ANY experience and are wondering what could you even mention.

Here's how much information you'd mention in your resume depending on your level of experience:

• Job hunters with no experience - If you don't have any experience, it might be a bit hard to fill in your work experience section. You can either keep it empty and focus on all the other sections, or fill it up with work experience in student organizations, non-profits, etc.
• Entry-level candidates - List all the work you've done up to now.
• Mid-level professionals - ONLY mention work experience relevant to the position you're applying for.
• Senior professionals - List up to 15 years of relevant work experience MAX. If your recent experience is as a CEO, no one cares about how you started your career as a cashier in your teenage years.

How to List Education on Your Resume

The next section we're going to cover is your Education. Let's start with the basics - how to format the education section & what to mention there. Then, we'll move on to tips & tricks that'll help you stand out…

• Program Name. E.g.: 'B.A. in Business Administration'
• University Name. E.g.: 'New York State University'
• Years Attended. E.g.: '08/2008 - 06/2012'
• (Optional) GPA. E.g.: '3.9 GPA'
• (Optional) Honors. E.g.: Cum Laude, Magna Cum Laude, Summa Cum Laude.
• (Optional)Academic achievements. Any interesting papers you've written, courses you've excelled in, etc.
• (Optional) Minor. 'Minor in Psychology'

Here's an example:

Tips on perfecting your education section:

• If you don't have any work experience, mention your education section first.
• Mention your latest educational entry on top.
• If you have a university degree, don't mention your high school at all.
• ONLY mention GPA if you had a very impressive academic career (3.5 GPA plus).

Emphasize Your Know-How with the Skills Section

Another must-have section in your resume is the 'Skills' section. Here, you want to mention all your know-how that makes you the perfect candidate for the job.

There are 2 types of skills you can include when writing your resume:

Hard Skills (Measurable abilities). This can be anything from coding in Python to knowing how to cook Thai cuisine.

Soft Skills (Personal skills). These are a mix of social skills, communication skills, personal traits, career attributes, and so on. Leadership, critical thinking, management, and communication, just to name a few.

A good resume should cover both.

How to List Skills in Your Resume

When mentioning skills in your resume, there are 3 essential steps to follow:

Step #1 - List Hard Skills with Experience Levels. For each hard skill you list, you want to mention your proficiency level:

As a rule of thumb, you can divide them by:

Beginner - You have some experience with the skill, whether it's from some entry-level practice or classroom education.

Intermediate - You've used the skill in a work environment with a good level of understanding.

Advanced - You're the go-to person for the skill in your office. You can coach other employees, and understand the skill on a high level.

Expert - You've applied this skill in more than a handful of different projects & organizations. You're the go-to person for advice about the skill, not just in your office, but even amongst some of the best professionals in your field.

Make sure to NEVER lie about your skill levels. Otherwise, it's going to be pretty awkward both for you and your employer.

Imagine your first task at work as an Illustrator - to create a graphic vector to go nicely with an article. If you end up delivering a hastily drawn stick figure colored with a paint bucket tool in Microsoft Paint, you'll be out of the job before your probation period ends.

Step #2 - Tailor Your Skills to the Job. You might have some super rare, awesome skills, but they're not always going to be useful. For example, it's awesome that you know accounting, but would you really need it at your new job as a line cook? Exactly!

Take a look at the job ad and list 2-3 essential skills required for the job.

For example:

Qualifications

• University Degree
• Tech-savy, with some background in CMS systems such as WordPress
• Thrives in a stressful environment & manages to juggle multiple tasks and deadlines
• Organizational and time management skills
• Excellent communication skills
• Self-reliant, with the ability to manage their own work
• Can-do attitude and an outside-the-box thinker

How To Write A Resume For High School Students

Systems:

• Proficient in Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator, Keynote and Pages
• Basic understanding of Office software - Word, Excel, Powerpoint, and Outlook

As you can see, the must-have skills here are Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator, Keynote and Pages. A good-to have is WordPress. You can also mention Word, Excel, Powerpoint, and Outlook, but it's pretty much assumed that you know how to use them, as they're required for most office jobs.

If you're qualified, make sure to mention all relevant skills with respective proficiency levels in your 'Skills' section.

Step #3 - Include Some Universal Skills - 'Universal Skills' are the type of skills useful for almost any job out there. These are both soft skills (leadership, teamwork, critical thinking, etc.) and hard skills (Excel, Powerpoint, Photoshop, writing, etc.). Whatever job you're applying to, chances are, these skills will in one way or another come in handy, so feel free to include them, even if they're not specifically required for the position.

Not sure which skills to mention for your field? It might be one of these 100+ essential skills to put on any resume!

Other Important Sections

The sections we've covered so far are must-haves for any resume. They're the bread-and-butter for any job application, and if you get them right, you'll land any job you apply to.

How To Write A Resume Examples

The following sections, though, can really give you a boost here and there.

Languages

Are you bi-lingual? Or better, multi-lingual? You should ALWAYS mention that on your resume!

Even if the position doesn't require you to know the specific language, it can still come in handy at some point. At the end of the day, it's always better to know more languages than less.

To list languages in your resume, simply write them down and assign them the appropriate level:

• Native
• Fluent
• Proficient (Enough knowledge to pass by in a professional environment)
• Intermediate
• Basic

As a given, you should never lie about your language skills. You never know, your interviewer might turn out to be fluent in the language, or even be a native speaker!

Hobbies & Interests

Want to add some spice to your resume? The hobbies and interests section, while not a game-changer, can help show who YOU are as an individual. Who knows, maybe you and your interviewee have some hobbies in common?

If you end up with some extra space in your resume, don't hesitate to show off your personality with a hobbies / interests section.

Volunteering Experience

If you're the type of person to use your free time helping others, while expecting nothing in return, chances are that you're the type of employee who's in it for more than just the money. It leaves the impression that you're a devoted, loyal employee.

Several studies show that you can boost your chances of getting hired simply by listing your volunteering experience. This holds especially true if you're a student with next to no work experience.

Certifications & Awards

Do you have any awards that make you stand out in your field? How about certifications from industry experts?

Whichever the case is, as long as it's relevant for the position you're applying for, feel free to add it to your resume.

Let's say, for example, you're a Microsoft Cloud Engineer. Assuming you specialize in Microsoft Technologies, you'd definitely want to include all essential certifications, such as the Azure Solutions Architect Expert one.

Publications

Are you a freelance writer? Maybe a distinguished academic?

If you have any published works (online, or in an academic journal), you might want to include them in your resume. Make sure to include a URL, so the HR knows where to check your work!

Projects

Working on side projects can really show off your passion for your field. Whether they're university class projects or part-time entrepreneurial endeavors, they're both equally relevant.

Let's say, for example, you worked on a mock software product as part of a competition in university. You went through every step of product creation, from ideation to creating a marketing strategy.

You can mention the project in your resume and stand a better chance at landing that business internship!

Or on the other hand, maybe you manage an Etsy store, selling hand-made arts & crafts to customers online. Mention all of it!

Hiring managers love employees who do cool work in their free time.

Perfecting Your Resume - FREE Checklist

Already done with your resume? Interested in seeing how it holds up? Go through our checklist for perfecting your resume and see where you stand!

Free Checklist for Resume Writing

1. Does your contact information section have all the must-have information?
2. Is your contact email professional? E.g.: firstname+lastname@email.com
3. Are you using the right resume format?
4. Is your resume 1-2 pages?
5. Did you include all the must-have sections in your resume?
6. Did you list only the most relevant work experiences?
7. Did you list achievements instead of responsibilities?
8. Did you tailor your resume to the job ad you're applying for?
9. Did you mention the right amount of work experience in your resume?
10. Did you list your education in your resume?
11. Did you list all the right skills for the position you're applying for?
12. Did you add any other important resume sections?
13. And finally, did you proof-read your resume? We'd recommend asking a friend or using software like Grammarly.

If you ☑'d all the points? Congrats! You've mastered all there is to know about how to write a resume, and you're good-to-go to move on with your job search! If you missed some points, though, just go through your resume one more time and perfect it as much as possible.

4+ Effective Resume Examples

Knowing how to write a resume is one thing, actually creating a resume that stands out is something else entirely. Without inspiration, even top career experts might stumble on a roadblock or two.

Check out the following effective resume examples to get a better sense of what a good resume looks like..

Want to see more examples? Check out our compilation of 20+ resume examples for different fields.

Next Steps After Your Resume

Now that we've covered everything you need to know about how to create a resume, let's talk cover letters & interviews.

After all, your resume is only the first step in your job search. To really land that job you deserve, you also need to craft a killer cover letter, and ace that upcoming interview.

How to Write a Convincing Cover Letter

Every job application consists of 2 parts - the resume and the cover letter. Now that we've covered the first, let's briefly explain the latter.

Most job-seekers flinch when they hear that they have to write a cover letter. What do you even mention in a cover letter, anyway? If you were good at writing cover letters, you'd be applying for a writing job!

In reality, though, writing a cover letter is pretty simple, if you know its purpose.

You should think of a cover letter as a direct message to the hiring manager. You get to briefly explain why you're such an awesome fit for the position. When we put it that way, it doesn't sound as hard, does it?

Here's a format you could follow:

• Introduce yourself (and leave an impression) - As a start, give a brief run-down on your work experience and mention why you're interested in working for the company you're applying for. You can also mention 1-2 of your top professional achievements to leave a good first impression.
• Explain how you'd excel at the job - Identify the top 3 requirements in the job ad. Then, dedicate one paragraph to explaining how you fulfil each requirement. So for example, if the requirement is 'Facebook Advertising Experience,' mention how you have done Facebook ads in the past and how you've excelled at it.
• Wrap it up and say thanks - Thank the reader for reading your cover letter and propose the next steps. For example, 'If you'd like to know more about my experience with Project XYZ, I'd love to chat!'

All clear? Just in case, you can also check out a real-life example below:

Does writing a cover letter still seem a bit complicated? Well, it is - to really explain everything you need to know about cover letters, we'd have to write a completely new guide on the topic. Which we did - thank us later! If you want to learn more about writing a cover letter, check out our full guide. Or if you need some extra inspiration, check out these 5+ cover letter examples.

How to Ace Your Next Interview

You've perfected both your resume & cover letter. Now, it's time for the next (and final) step - the dreaded job interview.

Whether you're an extrovert or an introvert, you probably hate the interviewing process. After all, sitting there while someone's prodding into your past experiences and judging the hell out of you isn't the most fun experience.

Did you know, though, that most interviewers ask the same questions? Yep - all you have to do is learn how to answer some of the most common interview questions, and you'll be an interview away from landing your dream job!

Want to learn more? Check out our complete guide to Job Interview Questions and Answers.

..And let's wrap it all up!

If you've followed all of our advice until now, congrats! You're probably an expert on how to make a resume.

How To Write A Resume For Beginners

To wrap it all up, let's brush up on some of the most important lessons we've learned so far..

• Use the rightresume builder. You don't want to mess around with formatting for hours before even starting to work on your resume!
• Focus on achievements. Mention your achievements instead of responsibilities, so that you stand out from all the other applicants.
• Include the must-have sections. That is, resume summary, work experience, education, and skills.
• Tailor for the job. Everything listed on your resume should be relevant for the job you're applying for.
• Perfect your cover letter. It's as important as your resume, so make sure you pay as much attention to it!

How To Write A Resume Examples

At Novorésumé, we're committed to helping you get the job you deserve, every step of the way! Follow our career blog to stay up to date with the industry-leading advice. Or, check out some of our top guides…

Resume Examples